نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
دانشیار دانشکده حقوق دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
چکیده
در نظام های دادرسی کیفری، قانونگذار برای تحقق عدالت ، انصاف و رعایت حقوق دفاعیِ متهم، طرق اعتراض به آرای کیفری صادره از مراجع قضائی را مشخص و حدود و ثغور آن را تعیین می کند. طرق اعتراض به آرای کیفری به طرق عادی و طرق فوق العاده تقسیم می شوند. طرق عادی روش های اعتراضی است که به عنوان یک حق برای طرفین امر کیفری تعیین می‌شود. طرق فوق العاده در اغلب نظام‌های حقوقی فقط به عنوان حق اعتراض برای طرفین امر کیفری وخصوصا برای محکوم علیه در موارد خاص و فوق العاده مقرر می شود . دادستان نیز به عنوان مدعی العموم حق اعتراض فوق العاده نسبت به احکام کیفری قطعیت یافته را دارد. فرجام خواهیِ کیفری یکی از طرق فوق العادۀ اعتراض به احکام کیفری است که در این مقاله، چگونگی اِعمال این حق و موارد و شرایط قانونی آن در دو نظام دادرسی کیفری ایران و فرانسه مورد بررسی و تحقیق قرار می گیرند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Criminal Appeal in Iranian and French Law
نویسنده [English]
- Rajabali Goldoust Jouybari
Associate Professor of Law Faculty of Shahid Beheshti University
چکیده [English]
In the Iranian legal system, based on the principle of two levels of judicial decisions, especially criminal ones, in order to prevent judicial errors, decisions issued by judicial authorities are always reviewed by a higher authority. If a criminal decision is issued by the prosecutor's office, it can be appealed in the general court, and if a criminal decision is issued in the general courts, it can be appealed in the provincial appeals authorities. However, the Iranian legal system has also foreseen another solution, which is that even despite the finality of criminal decisions, there is always the possibility of re-examining judicial decisions and the possibility that the criminal decision will be reviewed again. Based on the institutional mechanism called retrial, two methods have been foreseen in this approach. First, retrial is a condition that the law foresees and based on it and the existence of legal conditions, there is a possibility of overturning the final decision and it can be presented to another branch - preferably the same one. Therefore, if the verdict is against the principles of Islamic law, based on Article 477 of the Criminal Procedure Code, the verdict is overturned and referred to another branch upon the approval of the Honorable Chief of the Judiciary. However, if the verdict is inconsistent with some principles, documents, and provisions of the law, the Supreme Court branch, if it deems it appropriate to retry the case, overturns it and refers it to the Appellate Branch; however, it seems that the Appellate Branch has no obligation to follow the Court’s opinion. In any case, the principle of finality of verdicts is one of the principles that is violated and undermined by the institution of retrying criminal proceedings. This important strategic principle of the Criminal Procedure Code can be interpreted in only one way, and that is, the violation of the said verdict is based on legal rules and principles and does not violate the rights of the school. However, in this important challenge, the rights of the victim should not be ignored and made to suffer from this; This is something that should always be addressed with greater attention in amending the Code of Criminal Procedure
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- definitive rulings
- normal methods
- extraordinary methods
- appeal
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