نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

• محمد حسن حسنی

استادیار دانشکده علوم انسانی دانشگاه دامغان، دامغان، ایران

چکیده

زنا به عنف مقابل زنا مطاوعی متضمن احکام وضعی و تکلیفی متفاوت است. جنبه های دوگانه الهی و مردمی زنا به عنف بخلاف جنبه یگانه و حق اللهی محض زنا مطاوعی مقتضی اتخاذ رویکرد افتراقی با هدف حمایت از مزنی بها می باشد. زنا با وعده ازدواج از چالش های حقوقی تشخیص نوع زنا و چند و چون مسئولیت کیفری و مدنی آن و موجب نضج آراء فقهی و قضائی متهافت است. این نوشتار با روش توصیفی– تحلیلی و بررسی اقوال فقهی- حقوقی و رویه قضائی با تاکید بر رای هیات عمومی شعب کیفری دیوانعالی کشور این فرضیه را اثبات می نماید که نوع زنا با وعده ازدواج می تواند نسبت به زانی از جنبه اللهی زنا مطاوعی و نسبت به مزنی بها از جنبه حق الناسی مصداق زنا بدون رضایت واقعی قلمداد گردد. چه آنکه تمایز ادله اثبات دعوا از دو جنبه اللهی و مردمی مقتضی آن است که همانگونه صرف شبهه در زنا به عنف از جنبه حق اللهی موجب سقوط حد قتل از زانی می شود شبهه در رضایت مزنی بها از جنبه حق الناسی، زانی را ضامن مهرالمثل و ارش البکاره یا خسارت معنوی مزنی بها سازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• ارش البکاره
• زنا بعنف
• زنا مطاوعی
• مهرالمثل
• خسارت معنوی

موضوعات

• حقوق کیفری عمومی و اختصاصی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Civil(Arsh al-Bakareh, Mehr al-Mathil, moral compensation) and criminal liability for sexual intercourse with promise of marriage emphasizing on the verdict of general assembly of criminal branches of supreme court

نویسنده [English]

• Mohammad Hasan Hasani

Assistant Professor, Faculty of humanitarian sciences, University of Damghan, Damghan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Rape versus obedient sexual intercourse have different situational and obligatory rulings. Rape God's- human right aspect unlike obedient sexual intercourse  purely divine aspect is the reason to adopt a differential approach based on protection of victim. Sexual intercourse with the promise of marriage is one of the legal challenges to determine sexual intercourse  classification, civil and criminal liability resulting from it and it has caused different Jurisprudential views and judicial decisions.The most important of these challenges are as follows : First- is it possible to recognize adultery with the promise of marriage to the adulterer from God's point of view as adultery with the woman's consent and from the human point of view as adultery without woman's consent, and on this basis, the adulterer should be recognized as responsible for paying the dowry [mahr al-mesl]  and Arsh al-Bekareh to the victimized woman? Second, will a woman's frequent sex with a man with the hope of fulfilling the promise of marriage remove the adulterer's responsibility to paying dowry [mahr al-mesl]   and Arsh al-Bekareh caused by rape in the first time? Third- is real non- consent only attributable to minors and Insane persons?  Fourth, can the ignorance of adult and ignorant people about the nature and illegitimacy of adultery be recognized as an example of non- consent?  Finally, is there a legal justification for imposing the responsibility of moral damage compensation due to adultery with the promise of marriage?
 
In this paper with descriptive-analytical method and examination of jurisprudential-legal theories and judicial procedure by emphasizing on the verdict of the general assembly of the criminal branches of the Supreme Court is proved that sexual intercourse with promise of marriage In relation to the parties may have different titles. Because of the distinction between reasons proving allegation in relation to divine and human right aspects it is necessary that just as the mere doubt on rape into its divine aspect causes exemption of death penalty, ambiguity in victim real consent into its human right aspect oblige rapist to pay conventional dowry [mahr al-mesl] and compensation for virginity [Arsh al-Bekareh]. Ensuring the deterrence and prevention of adultery requires that the principle of responsibility for adultery be accepted by paying dowry [mahr al-mesl] and Arsh al-Bekareh to the victim of adultery with the promise of marriage. In addition to possible physical damage like removal of hymen, adultery causes loss of dignity and spiritual credibility of it's victim. The Islamic penal code approved 2013 is silent on the legitimacy or illegitimacy of for moral damages compensation in addition to mahr al-mesl. Legal scholars also have different opinions on this issue. On the one hand, some lawyers are against moral damages compensation in addition to paying dowry[mahr al-mesl] and on the other hand, some jurists are in favor of moral damages compensation in addition to paying dowry[mahr al-mesl]. However, classification of adultery in crimes so called Hudud does not prevent payment of moral damages. Because Section 14(2) in the Criminal Procedure Act approved in 2013 only emphasizes that moral damages are prohibited in crimes  so called Diat and Tazeerat specified in Sharia. Also section 9 in the civil liability Act approved in 1960 , in addition to mahr al-mesl, recognizes the responsibility of moral damages compensation due to illicit cohabitation with tricks or threats or abuse of a subordinate. Therefore, adultery with the promise of marriage, as an example of the recent regulation, obliges the adulterer to compensate victim's spiritual damage in addition to dowry [mahr al-mesl].  In other words, there is a legal justification for imposing the responsibility of moral damage compensation due to adultery with the promise of marriage. Woman's frequent sex with a man with the hope of fulfilling the promise of marriage will not be one of the reasons for removing the adulterer's responsibility to paying dowry [mahr al-mesl]   and Arsh al-Bekareh  due to rape in the first time. Ignorance of adult and ignorant people about the nature and illegitimacy of adultery can be recognized as an example of non- consent. Adultery with a minor girl or an a girl under the age of eighteen without understanding the nature and illegitimacy of adultery is an example of doubt in illicit sexual intercourse, and according to Article 91 in Islamic Penal Code approved 2013 , it is excessive to talk about the existence of real consent, and legal logic requires that it should be attached to adultery and the victimized girl should be compensated.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• : compensation for virginity
• rape
• adultery with consent
• conventional dowry
• moral compensation