نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• رضا رهبر ¹
• غلامحسین الهام ²

¹ دانشجوی دکتری رشته فقه و حقوق جزا دانشگاه شهید مطهری، تهران، ایران.

² دانشیار حقوق جزا و جرم‌شناسی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

تعویق صدور حکم به عنوان نهادی ارفاقی است که قانون گذاران جوامع گوناگون با هدف اصلاح و بازپروری مجرمان سعی در حبس زدایی و کاهش جمعیت زندانیان پیش بینی کرده اند. قانون گذار ایران نیز از این مسأله مستثنی نبوده و در ذیل ماده 40 قانون مجازات اسلامی به ذکر این نهاد و شرایط تحقق آن پرداخته است. در این پژوهش به بررسی نهاد مزبور و رابطه و نسبت آن با مساله تعدد جرم پرداخته شده و در صدد تبیین جایگاه هر یک از مسائل مزبور در حقوق کیفری ایران می باشد؛ بدین بیان که در پژوهش مزبور در پی پاسخ گویی به این سوال که «آیا استفاده از نهاد تعویق در فرض تعدد جرایم امکان پذیر است؟» خواهیم بود. لازم به ذکر است که قانون مجازات اسلامی در این باره ساکت است و به همین خاطر نگارنده پژوهش حاضر، تمام تلاش خود را مبذول داشته است تا ضمن بیان آراء و نظرات موافقان و مخالفان به شرح و بررسی ادله قرآنی و فقهی پرداخته و با استفاده از ظرفیت های قانونی موجود، سعی در ایجاد راهی جهت امکان سنجی استفاده از نهاد تعویق در فرض تعدد جرایم باز نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• تعویق صدور حکم
• تعدد جرم
• بازپروری
• اصلاح
• حبس‌زدایی

موضوعات

• حقوق کیفری و جرم شناسی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Jurisprudential-Legal Feasibility Assessment of Postponement of Sentencing in the Case of Multiple Crimes

نویسندگان [English]

• Reza Rahbar ¹
• Gholamhossein Elham ²

¹ PhD Student, Department of Jurisprudence and Criminal Law, Shahid Motahari University, Tehran, Iran.

² Associate Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Research Problem
Given the developments and changes that have occurred in the teachings of criminal law, new theories have been expressed about crimes and punishments. Based on these theories, in the present era, the implementation of punishments will no longer definitely reduce criminal behavior because by examining societies, it can be understood that mere intimidation through punishment is an incomplete and failed model. Therefore, in this era, legislators have changed their approach and have made the primary goal of implementing punishment, instead of punishing the criminal, his reform and rehabilitation, and punishment is used as the last method against the perpetrator. Accordingly, in order to achieve this goal, in various societies, in low-risk crimes, the institution of postponing the issuance of a sentence has been established as a criminal policy based on mitigation and greater support for perpetrators of non-dangerous crimes, in order to provide the basis for the reform of the perpetrator.
The Iranian legislator, in the Islamic Penal Code approved in 1392, realizing the importance of this institution, in Article 40 of the aforementioned law, has accepted the application of this institution in crimes of the 6th to 8th degree, stating a series of conditions. But the main issue and question that arises in this regard is whether it is possible to use the aforementioned institution of conciliation in the issue of multiple crimes and postpone the issuance of a sentence for minor crimes by citing the criteria mentioned in Article 40?!
There is no specific legal text in this regard and no statement from the legislator regarding its feasibility or not is seen, while the aforementioned issue is one of the important issues of criminal law that has caused differences of opinion among lawyers and, consequently, judges of the judiciary and must be addressed and its foundations explained.
Research Background
Numerous and varied studies and articles have been written in the field of the institution of postponing the issuance of sentences, but none of the aforementioned studies have been responsible for expressing and investigating the issue of the present research and expressing the relationship and relationship between the institution of postponement and the issue of multiple crimes.
Some of the studies conducted in the field of postponing the issuance of sentences will be mentioned below:
- Ghasemi Garmi, Sahar; Jafari, Dr. Mohammad Javad; Studying the postponement of the issuance of a criminal conviction from a legal and ethical perspective, Journal of Ethics in Science and Technology »Winter 1400, Year 16 - Issue 5
In this study, the authors have examined the ethical and legal aspects of the institution of postponement of the issuance of a sentence and it has no connection with the research issue under discussion.
- Farhoud, Naghmeh; Khakzad, Reza; Postponement of the issuance of a sentence in the Islamic Penal Code approved in 1392, Journal: Studies in Political Science, Law and Jurisprudence »Spring 1400, Volume 7 - Issue 1
In this study, the authors have examined the nature of the institution of postponement of the issuance of a sentence and there is no mention of the relationship and relationship between the institution of the aforementioned institution and the institution of multiple crimes.
- Fathabadi, Hossein; Mahdavi Sabet, Mohammad Ali; Ashouri, Mohammad; Mehra, Nasrin; Postponement of the issuance of a sentence, minimal intervention; Individualization of punishment with a comparative approach, Journal: Private and Criminal Law Research, Fall 2019 - Issue 41
Research Method
In this research, the author, using a descriptive-analytical method and citing library resources, has mentioned the jurisprudential-legal foundations of those in favor and those opposed to the postponement of the sentence, and has tried to solve this problem using the existing legal and jurisprudential capacities.
Research findings and conclusion
As a conclusion and statement of the research findings, it should be acknowledged that in the issue of assessing the feasibility of implementing the provisions on the postponement of the sentence in the assumption of multiple crimes, the view of those in favor of implementing the aforementioned institution, based on evidence of non-contradiction with the philosophy of the institution of the postponement of the sentence and the application of the legal articles on postponement and the jurisprudential rule of "al-ta'zir bid al-hakim" and... is more consistent with the spirit of the law and Sharia, and thus it should be considered possible to implement the rules on the postponement of the sentence.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Postponement of sentencing
• Multiple crimes
• Rehabilitation
• Reform
• Release from prison