Journal of Criminal Law Research

Abstract Spread of AIDS illness in recent years and impossibility of cure
for it, causing the infection and transmission of this illness; can be
a doer for commitment of crime. Crimes that commits as
transmission of AIDS virus, are different as for them from taxes. If
transmission of this virus, causes the death of a victim, the action of
transformer may be a murder, quasi intentional murder or homicide
by pure as for his intention.
On the other hand, because the hurts and damages due
transmission of li:rV detects after duration the partly long period of
time, it is advisable to criminalize the action of transmission of this
deadly illness separately.

Abstract This paper wants to explain in detail the conception of hadith
"Darolhad" and its very important consequences regarding the.
Islamic criminal policy as a primary and secondary rule. No doubt
that cognition of a subject is very effective to understand it. In
other words, certifying subjects that include the arbitration of mind
about other subjects will be clarified after stating the meanings and
explanations.
This holy Hadith is textually imperative and since it is
practically famous, it is possible to compensate the sending
weakness by having the conception of hadith cOlmected to the
Islam criminal policy.

Abstract Defining the scope of criminal law and legitimated level of
intervention through criminal law over the rights and freedom of
citizens as the most serious kind of such intervention, is a complicated
and difficult matter. The principle of criminal law as the last and the
least resort as a basic principle of this knowledge, technique and
instrument of social control, as emphasizes upon the destructive
results of abuse of penal concepts, instruments and institutions, tries to
detennine the appropriate level of intervention through criminal law
and provide the possibility of usage for other kinds of social control
instruments and institutions. This article, as emphasizes upon the
necessity of considering this principle in more details, will discuss the
concepts, basics and implications of this principle for penal policy
(criminalization and penalization).

Abstract There are two kinds of penal policies: justice oriented and the other
security / enemy oriented penal policy. However the limitation of
individual responsibilities and not interfering in their private life are
fundamental, in some late decades could be said security orientated
criminal law fonned by more govenmlental interfere and also
expansion of person responsibility albeit authority of security is their'
excuse but its cost is human rights elimination and feeling of security
is not visible. It means this penal policy has not been successful
considerably.

Abstract Security is one of human societal needs and the most important
index of space quality. In our modern complex urban societies,
different environmental factors result various disharmonies and crimes
in an i.nteractive influence process. On the other hand, occurrence of
diverse societal abnormalities especially drug crimes is currently one
of the important problems of our country and judicial authorities
concerns. Thus, this research has tried to take a new step towards
environmental prevention by focusing on the identification and
geographic analysis of drug crimes in Kerman city. It has hied to
specify the major hotspots of drug crimes in Kerman city using
primary statistical methods and kernel density estimation by
illustrating the importance of crime hotspots study. It is obvious that
the results of this study can help environmental prevention activities
and police performances against drug abuse and trafficking in Kerman
and also we can prevent f0l111ingof these regions by understanding
spatial, temporal and societal factors fC)lming crime hotspots. The
results indicate that drug-dealing crime center is approximately
coincident with central part of the city with an inclination to both east
and west. The congestion of residential usage in these parts of the city
and lack of urban facilities such as cuitural, sports, green lands and
recreation and healthy leisure activities that provide prevention of
entering teenagers and young adults into delinquency groups is one of
the efTective enviromnental reasons for the high drug-dealing crime.

Abstract Interaction ism theory.as an inspiring pattern for thought of restriction of
scope of intervention of criminal justice system and more tolerance towards
offences- and Zero tolerance policy -as a manifestation of broken windows
theory and an appearance of criminal system revival movement and greater
severity (strictness) in reaction to criminal behaviors and deviances- are
considered two contral)' approachs in criminology and criminal policy.
Description offoundations and concepts of this theory and policy and then
analysis and reciprocal assessment of them in comparison with each other
will reveal their positive and practical points and also their defects and
absolutism in two above mentioned fields.
In addition, this precise survey, will remind the capability and necessity of
leading them to a more moderate strand and also proper profiting from this
theory and policy in an integrated criminal policy. Ultimately, this study,
will introduce restorative justice-in the shape of a combination of restorative
processes and outcomes-as a fair and efficient measure to modify their
intemperances and so to manage crimes in its optimal fonn.

Abstract Actions against individual liberty are crime in which an official
violates individual's liberty while doing his job. Although Iranian
.and French legislators were pioneers in criminalizing such acts but
a comparison of criminal laws of two mentioned above countries
shows that French criminal law saves personal liberty more
effectively than the Iranian one