hassanali moazenzadegan; hossein gholami; cyrus zarghami
Abstract
Considering the importance and effects of pretrial detention in Iran and the United States, it is important to consider the need for fair trial in this regard. In this article, in order to examine the fairness of the pretrial detention in these two countries, the presumption of innocence and equality ...
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Considering the importance and effects of pretrial detention in Iran and the United States, it is important to consider the need for fair trial in this regard. In this article, in order to examine the fairness of the pretrial detention in these two countries, the presumption of innocence and equality of arms are considered as two essential principles for a fair trial as a basis. The examination of the presumption of innocence shows that the defendant's detention is not consistent with this principle, therefore, in both countries, measures such as limiting the issuance of a proceeding, the right to compensation and the right of appeal are anticipated. The study of the principle of equality of arms in this case shows that the detention of the accused is not consistent with the principle, Especially in Iran, where prosecutors can sometimes order pretrial detention. In American law, the judge who is neutral can issue this order. In both countries, there is a right of access to a lawyer in order to strengthen the defense rights of the accused at the time of his detention.
alihasan babaei; ahmad reza tohidi; Mahmoud Ghayumzade Kharangi
Abstract
Sometimes the prosecutor suspends filing or filing a case, subject to circumstances rather than prosecution, despite the occurrence of a crime. The prosecution authority in the national systems is the duty of the prosecutor. The question is, is the legal system of the International Criminal Court (ICC) ...
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Sometimes the prosecutor suspends filing or filing a case, subject to circumstances rather than prosecution, despite the occurrence of a crime. The prosecution authority in the national systems is the duty of the prosecutor. The question is, is the legal system of the International Criminal Court (ICC) approach to the principle of prosecution. Investigating the authority of the prosecutor in national systems and the International Criminal Court, from a comparative viewpoint, analytically-descriptive and using library resources, shows that the legal system of the Court has a systematic and well-defined approach to pursuing the necessary. Contrary to national prosecution systems, it is not the prosecutor's permission alone, but the joint task of the prosecutor and the preliminary branch. Although the prosecutor is independent in his performance, his decisions are under the supervision of the branch office. The selection and prioritization criteria for pursuing the most important crimes and the monitoring mechanism are in line with the principle of prosecution and the promise of a fair trial in the Court, and can be a suitable model for the uniformization of investigation and prosecution practices in national systems, including the Iranian criminal system Which has not been shown to be a valid requirement.
