Thomas Gutmann; Seyed Bahman Khodadadi
Volume 3, Issue 9 , January 2015, Pages 9-32
Abstract
Criminal justice faced tremendous developments in the field of sexual behaviors during the fifteenth to seventeenth A.D in Europe. These developments had been profoundly influenced by the supportive culture and religious doctrines called sexual discipline. Intellectual, political and religious proceedings ...
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Criminal justice faced tremendous developments in the field of sexual behaviors during the fifteenth to seventeenth A.D in Europe. These developments had been profoundly influenced by the supportive culture and religious doctrines called sexual discipline. Intellectual, political and religious proceedings blew to the unstable situation of Medieval and Lutheran wave surrounded the Europe including continental and United Kingdom. Transitional period took a place at this time within the history of law in the field of criminal justice and sexual behaviors; this transition went along with outstanding developments. Focusing on penology, functionalistic and paternalistic approach of this age which is specifically based on sexual behaviors in this research achieves a better understanding of the atmosphere of this period and explains the effectiveness and affectability of this time within the field of criminal justice
Mohammad Ali Babai; Maryam Ghorbanpur Rasekh Danesh
Volume 3, Issue 9 , January 2015, Pages 33-56
Abstract
Crime-proneness aspects of the policy made by ninth-government due to cheap housing for poor groups of people in society, namely Mehr Housing, are considerable from two perspectives: ecological and sociological. From the ecological perspective, Mehr Housing is exposed to high risk of crime-proneness ...
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Crime-proneness aspects of the policy made by ninth-government due to cheap housing for poor groups of people in society, namely Mehr Housing, are considerable from two perspectives: ecological and sociological. From the ecological perspective, Mehr Housing is exposed to high risk of crime-proneness including factors such as high population density, segregation and causing the immigration of people. From the sociological perspective, it also includes factors such as conflict of cultures, anomy and causing the decline of social capital (such as sense of security, trust and cohesion of residents). These factors which seem have been driven by precipitance and non-comprehensive study in housing issues, do not draw a desirable horizon for society housing health condition. Therefore, it is worthy of attention to take some measures by the administrators in order to prevent such situations. This article suggests some solutions to get out of crime-proneness situations, by analyzing ecological and sociological causes of the crime and conforming them to the Mehr Housing policy. These solutions are such as fidelity to the primary aims of Mehr Housing policy through the monitoring the process of the implement of laws and regulations which were enacted for transferring Mehr Housing and also imposing some sanctions dealing with delinquents which can help to the reduction of cases like immigration of people to the metropolises and subsequently decline of conflict of cultures and obscurity of persons and finally reduction of crimes and deviations. Moreover, by changing the half-made constructions without any applicants to the necessary facilities and promoting the qualitative aspects, it will be possible to be hopeful about the rate increase of social capital - as an essential bascule for social prevention of crime- in Mehr Housing.
Abdolreza Javanjafari; Sadegh Safari
Volume 3, Issue 9 , January 2015, Pages 57-81
Abstract
In recent years, the different fields of sports, especially the soccer, have stepped away from the real purpose of doing sport including keeping healthy body and having fun; instead, it has turned into violence and far-reaching conflicts. History of soccer is full of aggressive and sorrowful scenes which ...
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In recent years, the different fields of sports, especially the soccer, have stepped away from the real purpose of doing sport including keeping healthy body and having fun; instead, it has turned into violence and far-reaching conflicts. History of soccer is full of aggressive and sorrowful scenes which are less than consistent with the goals and functions of this field of sport. In this regard, available statistics considering the incidence of this abnormal phenomenon in soccer indicate that criminal law has confronted with some challenges which deprived it of using its all power and tools to fight against violence in sport. It has been attempted in this article to differentiate the legal and illegal violence and state each characteristics while it has been also tried to clarify the obstacles and problems of criminal law in fighting against athletes’ violence in soccer.
Firouz Mahmudi janaki
Volume 3, Issue 9 , January 2015, Pages 83-110
Abstract
Criminalization theory originally supports restriction of criminal law’s border. The question which has been risen is whether the construction of existing theories is about the interests and goals or rights? Examination of German doctrines “Legal Interests” which are goal-oriented and ...
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Criminalization theory originally supports restriction of criminal law’s border. The question which has been risen is whether the construction of existing theories is about the interests and goals or rights? Examination of German doctrines “Legal Interests” which are goal-oriented and the comparison of it with current theory in the English-American philosophy – i.e. harm principle that inherently is behavior-oriented – clearly shows that: although this principle provides that the only or the most pivotal criteria for the criminal intervention of state is to prevent from harming others, German doctrines justify such an intervention on the basis of goals and protectable legal interests; since such theory has been based on violation of “right”. Even though, during the course of evolution, the concept of “Gut” has been gradually replaced by violation of interest in the German theory, understanding the legal interest under the circumstance of contradiction and opposition is truly based on the concept and theory of right. On the other hand, although the harm principle is originally based on the concept of harm, its foundation on the “interest” – albeit in the context of utilitarianism– drew it close to the German doctrines. However, growth of German theory in the context of philosophy of “right” provided a considerable distinction from measurement of interests inspired by utilitarianism in harm principle.
Hossein Mohammad Kourepaz; Seyyed Mahmood Mirkhalili; Abdoulali Tavajohi; Hamid Bahremand
Volume 3, Issue 9 , January 2015, Pages 65-80
Abstract
Abstract Criminal profiling, as a relatively new technique, aims to involve criminologists, psychologists, and law enforcement officers to depict potential characteristics of dangerous offenders by assessing formers convicts, observing crime scenes, and interviewing victims so as to identify probable ...
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Abstract Criminal profiling, as a relatively new technique, aims to involve criminologists, psychologists, and law enforcement officers to depict potential characteristics of dangerous offenders by assessing formers convicts, observing crime scenes, and interviewing victims so as to identify probable offenders. It is obvious that this technique can not accurately identify the offenders yet it limits the boundaries of possible suspects and helps law enforcement officers to identify the real criminal. The only probable and rational use of this technique relates to highly dangerous crimes and easier recognition of hardly detectable criminals. Therefore, it may also be applied to identify cyber criminals. In order to criminal profiling, it is possible to take advantages from focusing on two main indicators of behavioral presupposition of future offenders: First, to create a background of demographic, social, psychological and behavioral characteristics of cyber criminals; second, to analyze the collected data. In case of being properly analyzed, it can help profiler to gain an insight of the offenders; therefore, not only the collected data leads to identification of the offenders, but also it prevents delinquency. In this article, for reasons which will be referenced, the authors focus on social and demographic characteristics of cyber criminals and their motives. This article whose achievements are based on the study of cyber crime offenders and convicts in Iran, indicates that the cyber offenders like other offenders generally do not form a group of homogenous. However, there are some characteristics displayed stereotypically and without scientific support, may be prominently observed in cyber criminals (Hacker) and cyber.
Ali Afrasiabi; Abolfath Khaleghi
Volume 3, Issue 9 , January 2015, Pages 82-98
Abstract
In the management of crime prevention knowledge, scientific sources and reports on administrative situational prevention projects are collected, organized and divided into portions. The question which is risen is why the management of situational Prevention knowledge is necessary in Iran’s police ...
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In the management of crime prevention knowledge, scientific sources and reports on administrative situational prevention projects are collected, organized and divided into portions. The question which is risen is why the management of situational Prevention knowledge is necessary in Iran’s police and how is this knowledge managed. Iran’s Police is a governmental, hierarchical and concentrated Organization. Network based and horizontal relationships are limited in such organizations, and Initiative in carrying out administrative duties is replaced by routine activities. In the absence of knowledge management mechanism, police officers are unwilling to exchange experiences. Requirement based on increasing of efficiency is another reason which doubles the necessity of knowledge management in Iran’s police. Due to the management of prevention knowledge, in the first step, police activities shall be executed in the framework of process identified in this paper. In the next step, executive branches of police force send reports on successful projects to the center of applicable studies which is in the office of prevention police in order to be investigated and displayed on the website, afterward. Collection and displaying the crime prevention studies on this website alongside reports of successful projects makes the cycle of knowledge Management. Continuation of this cycle leads to activation of knowledge in police organization.
