Document Type : Research Paper

Abstract

The majorities of authors have been interested in the moral element of unintentional offenses and have not been sufficiently interested in the issue of the material element and the legal element of these offenses, so this has sparked an amalgam. These authors did not make any difference between formal offenses and result offenses that also amused an amalgam. The French legislature refers for the first time to the question of the moral element of unintentional offenses in the 1994 Penal Code. The Iranian Penal Code also refers in this regard to Article 125 of the new Penal Code. Nevertheless, these codes have disadvantages on this subject. First, we are interested in the issue of the difference between formal offenses and outcome offenses, and then we address the issue of the moral element of these offenses.First, we are interested in the issue of the difference between formal offenses and outcome offenses, and then we address the issue of the moral element of these offenses.

Keywords

• Formal offense
• offense of result
• penal fault
• civil fault
• recklessness