Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 - PhD student, Department of Law, Criminal and Criminology, Bushehr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bushehr, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Allameh Tabataba”i University, Tehran, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Allameh Tabataba”i University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Water is a natural resource in constant movement through the hydrological cycle, and for this reason, understanding the law in this area is difficult and faces inadequacies. Water law, as one of the nascent fields of law, tries to organize social phenomena in a way that covers social rights in addition to respecting individual rights. What is certain is that water resource management cannot provide the necessary platform for crisis control without solving existing legal challenges. Governments have spent a long time to integrate this natural resource with legal requirements and regulations. Recently, the unitary and universal nature of water has received attention. In Iranian law, the cooperative and executive criminal policy in the field of water resources protection faces challenges. Therefore, despite the problems related to water shortage, the necessary capacity for accountability should be created and the level of executive and operational management should be improved from a legal point of view, and finally, a coherent and integrated criminal policy of water resources should be institutionalized with the support of various discussion platforms. In France, the water law was adopted on December 30, 2006, incorporating the principles confirmed in the 1992 law. The findings of the research indicate that the legal requirements for the protection of resources in France are quite complex and difficult to access, because the criminal policy and the law governing the protection and management of water are scattered in several articles, laws, decrees, etc. But in the field of structural requirements of executive and cooperative institutions, there have been some improvements. Although these developments are influenced by EU law, the requirements and legal framework of this vital resource pay more attention to its natural cycle, ecological reality, natural environments and water environments than criminal measures and official reactions.
Keywords
- criminal policy
- water resources
- water rights
- pollution
- structural requirements of executive institutions
- cooperative criminal policy
Main Subjects
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