Hajar Azari; Zahra Babazadeh
Abstract
The international community has come a long way in recognizing women's human rights. Efforts to address sexual violence as an independent human rights crime and its reflection in international and regional instruments continue. Sexual violence and its instances before entering directly into international ...
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The international community has come a long way in recognizing women's human rights. Efforts to address sexual violence as an independent human rights crime and its reflection in international and regional instruments continue. Sexual violence and its instances before entering directly into international documents have been considered in the rulings of international criminal courts and under the criminal headings of war crimes, crimes against humanity in the framework of a systematic and widespread attack. However, its formulation as a crime against humanity due to the gross human rights abuses, irrespective of it having been perpetrated in peace or war or the aggression-victim relationship, are noteworthy innovations recognized in the 2011 Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence, known as the Istanbul Convention. This research, with a qualitative approach and descriptive-analytical method, will examine the provisions of this convention on identifying the dimensions of violence against women, the conceptual development of the crime of rape, the envisaged mechanisms including legislative, judicial and executive, the analysis and the process from globalization to the humanization of human rights, and the changing role of international law and its impact on the protection of women against violence.
Abstract
This article discusses whether it is possible and recommendable that corporate criminal responsibility should be introduced for violations of human rights and humanitarian law and that the domestic courts as well as the international Criminal Court should therefore have jurisdiction over such legal entities. ...
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This article discusses whether it is possible and recommendable that corporate criminal responsibility should be introduced for violations of human rights and humanitarian law and that the domestic courts as well as the international Criminal Court should therefore have jurisdiction over such legal entities. This article discusses whether it is possible and recommendable that corporate criminal responsibility should be introduced for violations of human rights and humanitarian law and that the domestic courts as well as the international Criminal Court should therefore have jurisdiction over such legal entities. The first section of the article studies the recent works done by the UN Human Rights Council and also Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights in the framework of a project for improving accountability and access to remedy for victims of business-related human rights abuses. The second part while reviewing the Nuremberg military trials and discussions during the 1998 Rome Conference explores key questions de lege ferenda as well as current policy and legal matters.
