Omid Rostami Ghazani; Mohammad Zaki Hashemi
Abstract
Hoarding of goods is one of the challenges that disruptes the balance of the economies of countries. It is not possible to achieve the economic goals and programs of the states, without the control of hoarding and it's criminalizatin. The both legislators of Iran and Afghanistan have passed many laws ...
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Hoarding of goods is one of the challenges that disruptes the balance of the economies of countries. It is not possible to achieve the economic goals and programs of the states, without the control of hoarding and it's criminalizatin. The both legislators of Iran and Afghanistan have passed many laws on hoarding during their legislative history, in accordance with the conditions governing their communities and in support of livelihoods and the economy of the people. This plural laws indicate the importance of the issue of hoarding on the one hand and the ineffectiveness of the laws laid down on the other. In the legal system of Iran and Afghanistan, hoarding has been prohibited under conditions of "violation" or "crime" and has been subject to administrative or criminal responses. In the legal system of Iran, hoarding is a violation and under the special terms is subject to criminal prosecution. In the legal system of Afghanistan, hoarding is considered to be both a violation and a crime, and at the same time faced with administrative and criminal responses.
Gholamreza Javaheri; mehdi esmaeeli; Hasan Hajitabar firuz jayi
Abstract
Pornography existed before the creation of the Internet. It is not possible to say whether the advent of the Internet has fuelled the demand for pornography and expanded an existing market, or whether it simply satisfies in new ways a market that would have existed in any event. It is clear, though, ...
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Pornography existed before the creation of the Internet. It is not possible to say whether the advent of the Internet has fuelled the demand for pornography and expanded an existing market, or whether it simply satisfies in new ways a market that would have existed in any event. It is clear, though, that the Internet provides an environment for the proliferation of child pornography and the creation of an expanding market for its consumption. The Internet has increased the range, volume and accessibility of sexually abusive imagery, including child pornography. Child pornography depicts the sexual or sexualized physical abuse of children under 16 years of age. Some countries has joined many other nations in an international effort to combat this multi-faceted global menace that combines both heavily networked and highly individualized criminal behavior. This paper examines the typology of pornography offending, as well as law enforcement responses to the problem.
khirallah hormozi; hasanali moazenzadegan; seyed hojat alavi
Abstract
In some of the judicial systems in which legal and criminal courts consider the lawsuits in their own specific scope of competency, it is considered as a principle that legal courts consider civil lawsuits and criminal courts consider criminal lawsuits. However, in some cases, criminal courts may become ...
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In some of the judicial systems in which legal and criminal courts consider the lawsuits in their own specific scope of competency, it is considered as a principle that legal courts consider civil lawsuits and criminal courts consider criminal lawsuits. However, in some cases, criminal courts may become competent to consider legal cases. Private lawsuit due to a crime may be filed by the victim in order to compensate material or spiritual losses, or the loss due to possible profit. Such cases, in terms of nature, are considered as a civil liability of the offender and in terms of formalities, require observance of civil procedures proceedings. A Private lawsuit due to a crime is considered as a legal case. Private lawsuit due to a crime has similarities and differences with public lawsuit. A private lawsuit, in terms of its goal, claimant and defendant and competency, is different from a public lawsuit and in terms of its origin and competency of the criminal court, is alike the public lawsuit.
ghodratolah khosroshahi; hosseine javadi hossenabadi
Abstract
The present study aims to examine the relationship between religious identity and youth crime prevention on Isfahan University students. Method of research was descriptive of correlation and with self-reporting. All of the students of Isfahan University formed the number of statistical community (N= ...
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The present study aims to examine the relationship between religious identity and youth crime prevention on Isfahan University students. Method of research was descriptive of correlation and with self-reporting. All of the students of Isfahan University formed the number of statistical community (N= 11241) and just 731 individuals were selected (n=371) as the random example. The tools of researcher for collecting information on the religious identity was based on the religious identity components Glock and stark; in the case of perpetration of crime, it was based on the self-reporting which was confirmed by five scholars and its validity and subject experts with religious identity for cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.83 questionnaire and the questionnaire was calculated 0.85. In order to analyze the data from the descriptive statistics include frequency, percentage and mean and statistical inference including Pearson, factor analysis of variance analysis and multiple regression test was used. The findings showed that between religious identity and committing crimes (r =-0.402) there is a significant relationship. As well as between religious identity i.e. the ritual dimension, experimental, and consequence dimensions with committing crimes to arrange with the coefficient (r =-0.318), (r =-0.284), (r =-0.403) and (r =-0.375) there was a significant relationship. The result of step by step regression coefficient was also indicated in the first step and the next step after the second ritual faith is a crime rate Predictor. The findings also showed that the proportion of demographic factors in committing crimes among men is more than among women. This is while the average women in religious identity more than men to acquire.
abolhaan shakeri; hasan khan ahmadi
Abstract
After legislating for one century, jurisdiction regarding Iranian victims was established in Iranian Penal Act approved in 2013, as allocated in article 8 mainatining Iranian court is competent to investigate unconditionally offences committed aboard by foreigners against Iranians including crimes whose ...
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After legislating for one century, jurisdiction regarding Iranian victims was established in Iranian Penal Act approved in 2013, as allocated in article 8 mainatining Iranian court is competent to investigate unconditionally offences committed aboard by foreigners against Iranians including crimes whose punishments are Hodud, Qisas, and Diya. In this respect, Sharia-based Mansous (written in holy Quran and sacred sayings)Taaziraat on due observation note of article 115 must also be included in the abovementioned Act; yet, as to Mansousless Taazir crimes, jurisdictional authority of Iranian court depends on the reciprocal criminality and non-conviction in the country where the crime is occurred; Additionally, when the complaint is introduced, victim must maintain Iranian nationality until the proceeding is ended. Iranian Penal Act is applied on lapse of time and extension of time if the offender is persecuted by Iranian court and when the offender is found in or restored to the territory of Iran. It should be noted that extension of time is not started at the time of crime occurrence. If the crime committed abroad against Iranian nationals is occurred in high seas or lands without government, then Iranian court is competent for all crimes except Mansousless Taaziraat crimes.
mohamad ashouri; jafar movahedi
Abstract
After legislating for one century, jurisdiction regarding Iranian victims was established in Iranian Penal Act approved in 2013, as allocated in article 8 mainatining Iranian court is competent to investigate unconditionally offences committed aboard by foreigners against Iranians including crimes whose ...
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After legislating for one century, jurisdiction regarding Iranian victims was established in Iranian Penal Act approved in 2013, as allocated in article 8 mainatining Iranian court is competent to investigate unconditionally offences committed aboard by foreigners against Iranians including crimes whose punishments are Hodud, Qisas, and Diya. In this respect, Sharia-based Mansous (written in holy Quran and sacred sayings)Taaziraat on due observation note of article 115 must also be included in the abovementioned Act; yet, as to Mansousless Taazir crimes, jurisdictional authority of Iranian court depends on the reciprocal criminality and non-conviction in the country where the crime is occurred; Additionally, when the complaint is introduced, victim must maintain Iranian nationality until the proceeding is ended. Iranian Penal Act is applied on lapse of time and extension of time if the offender is persecuted by Iranian court and when the offender is found in or restored to the territory of Iran. It should be noted that extension of time is not started at the time of crime occurrence. If the crime committed abroad against Iranian nationals is occurred in high seas or lands without government, then Iranian court is competent for all crimes except Mansousless Taaziraat crimes.
Jafar Yazdian Jafari
Abstract
In this article I embark on the contrast between individual and national
security in crimes against security. Crimes against the state can be divided
into crimes against existence of state and authority of state. In these crimes
the first victim is the state itself. Crimes against the security are ...
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In this article I embark on the contrast between individual and national
security in crimes against security. Crimes against the state can be divided
into crimes against existence of state and authority of state. In these crimes
the first victim is the state itself. Crimes against the security are located in
the first category. In these crimes accused rights probably are violated by
the state because the state cannot remain neutral. In this regard, firstly I
discuss on the principals of criminal law about crimes against security and
then its legality. Some scholars believe that public interest is a good pretext
to violate the given rights but other scholars firmly assert that no pretext is
welcomed. This research shows that the present criminal regulation of Iran
followed the first approach which has progressed after the revolution
(1979).
Sepide Mirmajidi; Mohammad Jafar Habibzadeh; Mohammad Farajiha; Jalil Omidi
Abstract
According to social constructionism, crime is a social phenomenon that has not necessarily independent objective existence outside the human mind and what counts as crime varies depending on who is defining it. Therefore, in relations among people, we face with construction of ‘social reality of ...
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According to social constructionism, crime is a social phenomenon that has not necessarily independent objective existence outside the human mind and what counts as crime varies depending on who is defining it. Therefore, in relations among people, we face with construction of ‘social reality of crime’. By adopting a moderate view of social constructionism and using social reality of crime theory, this article discusses on the fact of criminalization process in Iran. This theory (social reality of crime) believes that formulation and application of criminal law, development of behavior patterns in relation to criminal definitions and construction of criminal conception are products of shareholders’ action that seek to ensure their domination and interests by affecting the criminal process. The study of proceedings of committees, public sessions of parliament, official discourse of criminal policy actors and comments of religious entrepreneurs shows that at least in some areas of criminalization in Iran, social constructionism theory has dominated criminalization process and mentality of its actors.
Bagher Shamloo; Mahdi Kazemi Jouybari
Abstract
Defining the concept of crime is the starting point in the criminal
thought. Basically, any view taken on the concept of crime formulates the
other fundamental criminological concepts (such as the criminal and
etiology) as well as basic concepts of criminal policy system (such as justice,
criminalization ...
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Defining the concept of crime is the starting point in the criminal
thought. Basically, any view taken on the concept of crime formulates the
other fundamental criminological concepts (such as the criminal and
etiology) as well as basic concepts of criminal policy system (such as justice,
criminalization and prevention). In the light of the foregoing, we attempt to
discuss the concept of the crime in the framework of two distinct paradigms
of modernism and postmodernism. That said, we argue that while the
modernist reading conceives the crime with the presumption of the objective
nature or inherent meaning, the postmodernist reading, on the contrary,
replaces this presumption with the subjective nature or acquired meaning. In
order to develop this thesis, the ideas of postmodernism will first be
introduced. Subsequently, a critique of the modernist view of the crime will
be offered. Eventually, a new definition of the crime from the perspective of
the constitutive criminology will be provided. Despite the above-said
importance, this analysis of the meaning of the crime has never been touched
upon in the Persian literature of criminology.
