Hadi Rostami; farhad mirzaei
Abstract
There are no fixed criteria for sentencing across all penal justice systems and they often vary as a result of social circumstances. Apart from having been rooted in its philosophical and ideological fundaments, punishment is a social event which is directly affected by industrial development and civilization ...
Read More
There are no fixed criteria for sentencing across all penal justice systems and they often vary as a result of social circumstances. Apart from having been rooted in its philosophical and ideological fundaments, punishment is a social event which is directly affected by industrial development and civilization progress. An offense is a personal choice since it is normally a consequence of an individual’s reason whereas punishment is an act of collective wisdom following common reasoning of a group. Even though violence is still prevalent in crime in all societies, civilized humans are not allowed to openly apply violence in punishment and no one simply accepts to use it as harsh punishment. At present, employment of violence by the government as part of punishment is subject to such a lot of restrictions that governments do not possess their former freedom in punishment anymore. Demonstration of severity of punishment has gradually disappeared and now punishment systems have been transformed and rationalized due to modern civilization. Along with modernity, apparent demonstration of violence in the form of death carnivals has left the social scene and logic and modern rationality have set in throughout all aspects of human life, especially social reaction to crime.
Roya Zeraatpishe; Abbas Shiri; alihosein Najafi Abrandabadi; Firooz Mahmoudijanaki
Abstract
Abstract: Gender transcends the attributes that are attributed to women and men in the process of sociability of men and women, and, in contrast to the gender, they have a biological and social origin. The gender role of women has been the subject of transitional change throughout history, and as a result, ...
Read More
Abstract: Gender transcends the attributes that are attributed to women and men in the process of sociability of men and women, and, in contrast to the gender, they have a biological and social origin. The gender role of women has been the subject of transitional change throughout history, and as a result, in traditional societies, the status of women has changed. Women as a second sex tend to have stereotypes that are inappropriately proportioned to them and do not weaken their position in the continuum. These stereotypes do not fit well in the popular comics of men and women, and portray women as poor sexes. It is clear that this pervasive perception of women with violence against them is related to stereotypes of sexual harassment and abuse of women in particular. Sexual assault stereotypes are societal messages that tell women about their predetermined sexual orientation about sexual assault, and about the rape, sexual assault, and rape outcomes. In the end, they are silenced by the transgressor.
abdolreza javanjaari bojnordi; seyed javad sadati
Volume 3, Issue 11 , June 2015, , Pages 38-9
Abstract
Punishment like other social phenomena plays several roles in social interaction. Some of these roles are explicit but some implicit. The relation between punishment and power is among the implicit roles of these social phenomena. Punishment is not merely a tool for protecting from Social ...
Read More
Punishment like other social phenomena plays several roles in social interaction. Some of these roles are explicit but some implicit. The relation between punishment and power is among the implicit roles of these social phenomena. Punishment is not merely a tool for protecting from Social Solidarity. In contrast, we must see punishment as technology of Power. Punishment can be used to protect and generation of authority. There is deep relation between punitive reactions such as punishment and shapes of power. Power based on the violation uses physical and harsh punishments. But, power based on the industry uses producing punishments. And ultimately, modern power based on the economics of chastisement. Close relation between modern power and science, brings for modern power ability of training and generate law – abiding citizens.
